Small forest passerine birds often live in hierarchically organized mixed-species groups, in which heterospecific individuals are considered to substitute for conspecifics as protection against predators at a significantly reduced competition cost. These groups can be either ‘despotic’ in their social structure or more ‘egalitarian’ in which the hierarchy is less steep. Now we hope to find a molecular mechanism responsible for these social distinctions. Please, find more detail on this in a recently published paper: Krams IA, Luoto S, Krama T, Krams R, Sieving K, Trakimas G, Elferts D, Rantala MJ, Goodale E. 2020. Egalitarian mixed-species bird groups enhance winter survival of subordinate group members but only in high-quality forests. Sci Rep 10, 4005. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60144-w
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